What Is an Aircraft Radar Beacon Transmitter and How Does It Work?

 While the radar capabilities of an airport may vary depending on the location, there are two radar systems that are most widely used by air traffic control. The most popular type of radar is one capable of transmitting UHF or SHF radio waves in all directions, allowing for aircraft to be detected by ground antennas when transmitted waves are reflected back. As the receiver conducts calculations on the reflected signal, it will be able to determine both the direction and distance of the aircraft in relation to the transmitter. This two-dimensional data is then displayed on a radar screen known as a plan position indicator (PPI) for use by controllers.

 
The secondary radar system, or secondary surveillance radar (SSR), is a device used by ATC to increase the quality of data that they use for tracking aircraft. With the SSR, ATC can obtain information such as altitude, allowing for a third dimension to be added to tracking for monitoring positioning. To receive such data, coded pulse trains are transmitted by the radar and are picked up by the onboard transponder of a given aircraft. Next, ATC will establish verbal communication with the pilot, instructing them to send a digital octal code through the transponder. With a sent message and a reply, ATC can further confirm the location of an aircraft by altering the symbol displayed on the radar screen. If ATC wishes to monitor a specific aircraft, a control on the transponder will allow for the aircraft symbol to be highlighted on the radar PPI.
 
In order to fully confirm the altitude of a tracked aircraft, the transponder will need to be placed in ALT or Mode C position. By doing this, the signals sent back to ATC will include pressure altitude values. Generally, pressure altitude is provided to the transponder by an altitude encoder that is electrically connected to the transponder.
 
While the process of tracking a single aircraft can be considered fairly simple, it becomes more complex when you consider how many aircraft are being actively tracked at one time. To maintain optimal monitoring and safety, aircraft are assigned a unique identity code that is displayed on the ATC PPI, and pilots will respond to this code when receiving signals. With modern flight data processor computers, increased information can be offered to ATC to further their endeavors.
 
As transponders ensure proper flight operations and safety, it is paramount that they are regularly inspected and tested in accordance with FAA regulations. Generally, transponder tests and inspections should be held every 24 calendar months, and such procedures must be carried out at an appropriately rated repair station, with the original manufacturer, or a holder of a continuous airworthy program. If errors occur within the transponder, altitude encoder, or other related devices, they should be immediately repaired or replaced as necessary to maintain airworthiness. If you find yourself in need of various aircraft parts and components that you can steadily rely on with ease, there is no better alternative to ASAP Parts 360.
 
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